Castle of
La Roche Goyon
I-Fort La Latte
Itshe lesikhumbuzo eliyimfihlo
I-Bay of St Malo / Emerald Coast
Inqaba
I-Fort La Latte yokuqala ebizwa ngokuthi i- Castle Roche Goyon yakhiwa ngekhulu leshumi nane .
Kungani?
Umongo ukhathazekile, iMpi Yokulandelana kweBrittany idlangile ( 1341-1364 ). Ngaleso sikhathi, izinqaba zazilungiswa kabusha noma zakhiwe (Tonquédec, La Roche Goyon ...).
U- Étienne Goyon , inkosi kaMatignon, umakhi wenqaba, wathola ku-suzerain yakhe (okokuqala uCharles de Blois , bese kuba uMbusi uJean de Montfort, uJohn IV) ukugunyazwa kokuqinisa kanye nezindlela zokuqinisekisa lokhu kuqinisa.
Inqaba ilayishwe izimpawu, inemisebenzi eminingana:
umsebenzi wezempi : omunye uphephela lapho, omunye wenza isihlalo,
umsebenzi wokuhlala :inkosi ihlala khona nomndeni wayo,ukwakhiwa kufakaza amandla e-seigniorial,
umsebenzi wezepolitiki : inqaba iyisihlalo samandla (ebukhosini, e-ducal, e-seigneurial),
umsebenzi wezomnotho : iyisikhungo semisebenzi.
itiye imihlobiso
Inqaba iye yalungiswa kabusha phakathi namakhulu eminyaka kodwa izakhi zezakhiwo zekhulu leshumi nane , zibonisa ukukhathazeka kokuhlobisa noma ukukhathazeka kokuzivikela , zisekhona.
Inqaba kufanele ithobe ukunambitheka komakhi .
I-arc ephukile ithi endaweni yesithathu yeminyango (ibhuloho lokudonsa lokuqala, ibhuloho lokudonsa lesibili, indawo yokungena emgodini).
Isithombe esibaziwe sinikeza: Umhlobiso we- Trilobed noma i-clover eyenziwe isitayela emaphethelweni okugcina indlela yasemgodini namagwababa anokweqa okuthathu okusekela uhlaka lwendlela efanayo yokuzungeza umgodi.
Izimpawu zabashumayeli beVangeli eziqoshwe etsheni lama-donjon zibonisa amaphuzu ayinhloko , nazo ziyizimpawu zeLobukholwa . Ingelosi kaMathewu oNgcwele entshonalanga, ibhubesi likaMarku oNgcwele eningizimu, ukhozi lukaJohane oNgcwele empumalanga, inkabi kaLuka oNgcwele enyakatho.
Ingelosi nenyama yenkomo kulondolozwe ngokuphawulekayo.
Itiye indawo yokuhlala
Igumbi elikhulu lokugcinwa kwesitezi sokuqala liyindawo yokuhlala yenkosi nezihlobo zayo . Zihlelelwe impilo yansuku zonke nokunethezeka (kwesikhathi) sabahlali bakhona:
* Izindlu zangasese (izindawo zokukhululeka) kugqinsi odongeni lwaleli gumbi le-seignorial.
* Ukuze uthole ukunethezeka, iwindi elikhulu libhotshozwe eningizimu kuleli gumbi elinamacushion ohlangothini ngalunye lomnyango. Ama- cushions angamabhentshi amatshe ezingxenyeni zefasitela zeNkathi Ephakathi nangesikhathi seRenaissance.
Ukufudumala iziko elikhulu elinezithombe eziqoshiwe (isisekelo se-polygonal namakholomu) ezihlobisa ohlangothini ngalunye ziyisici sekhulu leshumi nane .
* Isonto , elinikezelwe kuSaint Michel , lasungulwa ngo- 1420 futhi likhonzwa umfundisi ngaphansi kwe-Abbey yaseSaint Aubin des Bois.
Le abbey yaseCistercian yayisehlathini laseHunaudaye, ePlédéliac. AbakwaGoyon babengabanikeli ababalulekile . Indawo yaleli sonto lokuqala ayaziwa . Ukuvinjezelwa kwe-1597 phakathi nezimpi zeNhlangano yonakalisa kakhulu inqaba futhi ukuguqulwa kwayo ekubeni yinqaba yokuvikela ugu phakathi kuka- 1690 no- 1715 kwaba nesandla esicini esisaziyo namuhla.
Isonto lamanje lekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili langcoliswa phakathi nempi yokugcina futhi lashiswa nefenisha . I-altare lamanje liyinhlanganisela yezinto zeshumi nesishiyagalombili (amakholomu asontekile) kanye nasekuqaleni kweshumi nesishiyagalolunye (izingxenye ezisekela amakholomu).
I-altare lisukela ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye . Wabuyiselwa ukuzokhulekela ngo- 1959 .
itiye ukuzivikela
Abahlaseli bahlale bebaningi kunabavinjezelwe , inqaba kumele ikwazi ukumelana nezihlalo nokuhlasela . Ukuzivikela kwemvelo kufunwa kakhulu (amaford, amabhuloho, ama-promontories) I-La Roche Goyon inazo zonke izakhi zokuzivikela:
* ilandela ukuma kwe-peninsula eyakhiwe phezu kwayo,
* inkantolo yokuqala (i- barbican *) ngaphambi kokufinyelela engxenyeni eyinhloko yenqaba,
* iminyango ivikelwe ikakhulukazi i- drawbridge , i-portcullis futhi ngemuva kwayo i-stunner *. I-drawbridge * yi- counterweight evumela ukuhamba okusheshayo,
* ngemuva kwebhuloho, i-harrow ivimba indlela,
* abacibisheli (noma izintuba ), bahlelelwe umcibisholo noma umnsalo ophambanayo ,
*izingxenye eziphakeme ( izindlela zokuhamba noma imibhoshongo ) abavikeli bangadubula labo abanqobe izithiyo ezedlule,
ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zokubulala "ama- machicolations" we-donjon kanye nemibhoshongo, amatshe ajikijelwa noma akhothama futhi umnsalo uyaxoshwa.
* I-Barbican: ibhekisela kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wangaphandle oxhunywe emsebenzini oyinhloko.
* Ukumangala: ukuvula egumbini elingaphansi, ngaphambi noma ngemuva komnyango, ukuvumela ukudubula (kusuka phezulu kuye phansi) noma ukujikijela ngamatshe kubahlaseli. Kusele izimanga ezimbili e-Fort La Latte, eyokuqala evinjwe ngemuva kwebhuloho lesibili lokudonsa, elesibili ngaphezu komnyango womgodi, endleleni yokuhamba.
* I-Drawbridge: Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-14 i-counterweight ithatha indawo yewintshi futhi ivumela ukuqondisa esikhathini esingaphansi komzuzu.
* I-Machicolation: igalari yamatshe yangaphandle egijima endleleni yokuhamba. Ama-machicolations akhiwe ngamagwababa anokuqagela okuningana (3 eRoche Goyon, exhunywe komunye nomunye ngamakhothamo noma ama-arches aphethe uhlaka (imigqa ene-Roche Goyon).
vimba izikhali
Sise Roche Goyon ngo 1379 , Inkosi yase France ingathanda ukuthatha iBrithani . Inqaba ingathathwa isihlalo esisodwa kuphela. Iqembu elivinjezelwe uDu Guesclin eduze kwenqaba, uma limbalwa , abavikeli bancane kakhulu. Izindonga zethu eziphakeme ziyasivikela. Sinochwepheshe abasivikelayo: bangabacibisheli nabaphambanayo .
Kusukela phezulu kwendlela eyindilinga yemvula yemicibisholo ikhukhula abacibishelayo benkosi yaseFrance ( uCharles V) . Umnsalo yisikhali se-jet esibuyela endulo ephakeme kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abacibisheli bethu bangabalwi abaqeqeshwe kahle kakhulu futhi abaphumelelayo . Abanekhono kakhulu kubo bangafinyelela kalula lapho okuhlosiwe khona ( amamitha angu-90-100 ) futhi bacibishele imicibisholo eyi-12 ngomzuzu ... Banekhono ngokwanele ukuvimbela isitha ukuba singasondeli.
Ama- Crossbowmen angabantu abesabekayo futhi abesabekayo. Umcibisholo uyisikhali esiyingozi kangangokuthi ibandla selizame ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo . Emkhandlwini waseLateran ( 1139 ), wawuvinjelwe phakathi kwamabutho angamaKristu kodwa uvunyelwe ngokumelene nabangakholwayo ... Siwusebenzisa ngoba uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ukuze welule umnsalo , udlula unyawo lwesokudla ku-stirrup bese ufaka intambo yomnsalo kuhuku elenga ebhandeni. Ukuqondisa izinso kuletha intambo endaweni ye-nati. Uma umcibisholo edubula izikwele ezimbili ngomzuzu , akavamile ukugeja ithagethi yakhe. Ububanzi bungamamitha angama-90 . Njengomnsalo, umnsalo uyisikhali sokuphonsa .
Uma isitha esinezitebhisi sifika ezingeni lendlela yokuhamba, izikhali zethu zokuphambana ziyathatha . Akuyona imicibisholo noma amabhawodi azophumelela ukudiliza izitebhisi. Izibhamu zivame ukuba namajika okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubamba into noma ukuyiwisa.
Izikhali zejubane ziyizikhali ezihlome isibambo eside njengomkhonto. Lezi zikhali zisebenza futhi ukuthulula abagibeli. Abizwa nangokuthi ama-fauchards ngoba abukeka njengawomgunyathi.
Izikhali eziningi zasivumela ukuba sinikele isitha esasifuna ukubuya singalindele. Ukukhipha indoda yakhe akanakho okufanayo.
Izimbazo, imimese nezinkemba ziqedela izikhali zethu. Uma isitha sisendaweni asimenzi umakhelwane. UJeanne de Dinan , iLady Lady of the Lord (Bertrand II Goyon, Lord of Matignon), ngeke anqikaze, ngezinqaba kanye nobuciko bemibhoshongo yesango lesango lomnyango wesibili, ukukhanda ngamatshe umhlaseli ongene ephutheni. ngezansi.
Gcina isiphephelo sokugcina. Inkosi nomndeni wayo baphephile lapho.
Ifinyelelwa ngebhuloho eliphakanyisiwe . Izitebhisi ezifinyelela kuyo namuhla zisuka ekhulwini le- 18 kuphela kodwa imikhondo ye-drawbridge isabonakala: ukucaciswa kwephinifa kanye nezikhala zokubeka izingalo zengxenye ekhuphukayo.
Indawo yokungena yakha ugibe lwamagundane : amaharrow amancane avimbela ukufinyelela ezitebhisini kanye negumbi labacibisheli eliphansi; ngaphezu kwesikhala se -stunner sivuleke kakhulu futhi imvula yamatshe nezinto ezinzima ziwela kulowo onesibindi sokuwela umbundu.
Izitebhisi ezi- spiral (noma izitebhisi ezi-spiral) zigingqika zikhuphukele kwesokudla. Abahlaseli abaphethe inkemba yabo esandleni sokudla bayoba sesimweni sobuthakathaka.
Esinye isitebhisi odongeni sinikeza ukufinyelela kusuka phansi kuya esitezi sokuqala.
Ehholo le-seigneurial , umndeni kaSir Bertrand uvikelekile kakhulu : ngezansi kwegumbi labacibisheli nangaphezulu kwekamelo elihle elinesitezi lapho onogada abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokulinda nokuzivikela .
Sikhathele yimpi siyazinikela. Mhlawumbe ngoba uBertrand Du Guesclin naye ungumngane : sabamba ibhanela lakhe e- Battle of Cocherel ngokumelene noCharles the Bad futhi samphelezela eSpain emkhankasweni wokuqala wokulwa noPeter the Cruel . Sacishe safela eSpain. Saze sabhala incwadi yefa.
Inkosi yaseFrance izothatha inqaba ezobuyiselwa kumnikazi wayo ngo- 1381 ngesivumelwano sesibili sikaGuérande esiqeda impi yokulandelana . Indodana kaBertrand II, uBertrand III , ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ivikele inqaba yayo. Uzothatha ezaseCaërmarthen naseCardigan eWales lapho ezofela khona elwela u- Owen ap Griffith Fychan , iNkosi yaseGlunyfrdwy, esekelwa uMbusi wase-Orleans . Sihamba kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngekhulu leshumi nane kwaqala ukuvela umshini wempi owenza umsindo omkhulu kodwa ongewona umphumela omkhulu, ongaphansi kwama -crossbowmen ethu: inganono . Asikawuboni lo mshini okhafula umlilo kodwa sezwa kuthiwa usatshwa ikakhulukazi abawuphethe...
Lo mshini onomsindo uzothenjiswa ikusasa eliqhakazile . Kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nanhlanu , izoba namandla kakhulu . Izinqaba ngeke kube nasizathu sokuba: inganono izobhodloza izindonga futhi ibhodloze iminyango . Ezinye izinqaba zizothatha izintambo. Leli elinye ikhasi lomlando elizovuleka.
Inqaba ye-feudal yaseRoche Goyon izoguqulwa ibe yinqaba yokuvikela ogwini ngaphansi kukaLouis XIV .
Ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha , kuzothatha igama likaLaste noma iLatte (igama lamadolobhana angomakhelwane) futhi kweshumi nesikhombisa , liyaziwa ngaphansi kwegama esilaziyo namuhla: FORT LA LATTE .