Inqaba
IFort Latte yaqala ukubizwa ngokuba yiCastle Roche Goyon yakhiwa ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine .
Ngoba?
Umongo uphazamisekile, iMfazwe ye-Succession of Brittany iqhubekile ( 1341-1364 ). Ngelo xesha, iinqaba zaphinda zalungiswa okanye zakhiwa (Tonquédec, La Roche Goyon ...).
U- Étienne Goyon , inkosi yaseMatignon, umakhi wenqaba, wafumana kwi-suzerain yakhe (okokuqala uCharles de Blois , emva koko uDuke uJean de Montfort, uJohn IV) isigunyaziso sokuqinisa kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa le nqaba.
Inqaba ilayishwe ngeempawu, inemisebenzi emininzi:
umsebenzi womkhosi : omnye uzimela khona, omnye wenza isihlalo;
umsebenzi wokuhlala : Inkosi ihlala apho nosapho lwayo, ulwakhiwo lungqina amandla e-seigniorial,
umsebenzi wezopolitiko : inqaba sisihlalo samandla (yasebukhosini, i-ducal, seigneurial),
umsebenzi wezoqoqosho : liziko lemisebenzi.
iti izihombiso
Inqaba iye yahlaziywa kwiinkulungwane kodwa izinto zokwakha zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine , zibonakalisa inkxalabo yokuhlobisa okanye inkxalabo yokukhusela , isekho.
Inqaba kufuneka ithobe incasa yomakhi .
I-arc eyaphukileyo ithi kwindawo yesithathu yeengcango (i-1st drawbridge, i-2nd drawbridge, isango lokungena kwintolongo).
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ubonisa: Ukuhonjiswa kwe-Trilobed okanye i -clover eyenziwe ngesitayile kumphezulu wokugcinwa kwendlela yentolongo kunye namagwababa ngokutsiba okuphindwe kathathu exhasa i-parapet yendlela efanayo yomjikelo wentolongo.
Imifuziselo yabaVangeli ekrolwe kwisakhiwo seedonjon ibonisa iingongoma eziphambili , ikwayimiqondiso yeNgqobhoko . Ingelosi eNgcwele kaMateyu ngasentshona, ingonyama eNgcwele kaMarko emazantsi, ukhozi lukaYohane oNgcwele ngasempuma, inkabi kaLuka oNgcwele emantla.
Ingelosi nenyama yenkomo zigcinwe ngendlela ephawulekayo.
Iti indawo yokuhlala
Igumbi elikhulu lokugcinwa kwe -1st floor lisebenza njengendawo yokuhlala yenkosi kunye nabazalwana bakhe. Zilungiselelwe ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nentuthuzelo (yexesha) yabemi bayo:
* Izindlu zangasese (iindawo ezilula) kubunzima bodonga lweli gumbi le-seignorial.
* Ukuthuthuzela, ifestile enkulu igqojozwe emazantsi kweli gumbi elinemiqamelo kwicala ngalinye lomnyango. Imiqamelo ziibhentshi zamatye kwiifestile zamaXesha Aphakathi nangexesha leRenaissance.
Ukufudumala indawo enkulu yomlilo enemifanekiso eqingqiweyo (isiseko se-polygonal kunye neentsika) ezihlobisa kwicala ngalinye ziyimpawu zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine .
* Icawa , enikezelwe kuSaint Michel , yasekwa ngo- 1420 kwaye ikhonzwa ngumfundisi ophantsi kweAbbey yaseSaint Aubin des Bois.
Le abbey yaseCistercian yayikwihlathi laseHunaudaye, ePlédéliac. IiGoyon yayingabaxhasi ababalulekileyo . Indawo yale nkonzo yokuqala ayaziwa . Ukungqingwa kwe-1597 ngexesha leemfazwe ze-League yonakalisa kakhulu inqaba kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo kwinqaba yokukhusela elunxwemeni phakathi kwe- 1690 kunye ne -1715 ibe negalelo kumbandela esiwaziyo namhlanje.
Icawa yangoku yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo yangcoliswa ngexesha lemfazwe yokugqibela kwaye yatshisa ifanitshala . Isibingelelo esikhoyo ngoku sidityaniswe nezinto zeshumi elinesibhozo (iikholamu ezijijekileyo) nasekuqaleni kweshumi elinesithoba (iinxalenye ezixhasa iintsika).
Isibingelelo sivela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba . Wabuyiselwa kunqulo ngowe- 1959 .
iti ukhuselo
Abahlaseli bahlala bebaninzi kunabo barhangqwe , inqaba kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nezihlalo kunye nohlaselo . Ukhuselo lwendalo lufunwa kakhulu (iiford, iibhulorho, iipromonto) ILa Roche Goyon inazo zonke izinto ezikhuselayo:
* ilandela imilo yepeninsula eyakhiwe phezu kwayo;
* inkundla yokuqala ( barbican * ) ngaphambi kokufikelela kwindawo ephambili yenqaba,
* iingcango zikhuselwe ngokukodwa yi- drawbridge , i-portcullis kwaye emva kwayo i-stunner *. I-drawbridge * yi- counterweight evumela ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza,
* emva kwebhulorho, i-harrow ivala indlela,
* abatoli (okanye iikroba ), bacwangciselwe ukutola okanye umnsalo onqamlezileyo ,
* iindawo eziphakamileyo ( iindlela zokuhamba okanye iinqaba ) abakhuseli banokudubula kwabo boyise imiqobo yangaphambili,
ngemingxunya yokubulala "I- machicolations" ye-donjon kunye neenqaba, amatye aphoswa okanye isaphetha kwaye i- crossbow iyagxothwa.
* IBarbican: ibhekisa kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi wangaphandle odityaniswe nomsebenzi ophambili.
• Ukuqaqadeka: Ukuvula kwigumbi elingaphantsi, phambi okanye emva kocango, ukuvumela ukudubula (ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi) okanye ukugibisela amatye kubahlaseli. Kushiyeke i-stunners ezimbini eFort Latte, eyokuqala ivaliwe ngasemva kwebhulorho yesibini, eyesibini ingaphezulu komnyango wentolongo, kwindlela yokuhamba.
* I-Drawbridge: Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-14 i-counterweight ithatha indawo ye-winch kwaye ivumela i-maneuver ngaphantsi komzuzu.
* Machicolation: igalari yamatye yangaphandle ehamba ecaleni kwendlela. I-machicolations yenziwe ngamahlungulu kunye neengqikelelo ezininzi (i-3 kwi-Roche Goyon, edityaniswe enye kwenye ngee-lintels okanye i-arches ephethe i-parapet (i-intels kunye ne-Roche Goyon).
izixhobo zokungqinga
SiseRoche Goyon ngo- 1379 , uKumkani waseFransi angathanda ukuhlomela iBritane . Inqaba inokuthatyathwa kuphela sisitulo esinye . Iqela elivalelwe nguDu Guesclin lingqinga kufutshane nenqaba, ukuba bambalwa , abakhuseli bancinci. Iindonga zethu eziphakamileyo ziyasikhusela. Sineengcali ezisikhuselayo: bangabatoli kunye nabanqamlezileyo .
Ukusuka phezulu kwindlela ejikelezayo yemvula yeentolo zikhukhula abatoli benkosi yaseFransi ( uCharles V) . Isaphetha sisixhobo se-jet esibuyela kwi-antiquity ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, abatoli bethu baqeqeshwe kakuhle kwaye bangabalwi abanobuchule . Abona banobuchule kubo banokufikelela kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo kude ngokwaneleyo ( iimitha ezingama-90-100 ) kwaye batole iintolo ezili-12 ngomzuzu ... Banobuchule ngokwaneleyo bokuthintela utshaba ukuba lungasondeli.
Abadlali beCrossbowmen bangabantu aboyikekayo kwaye aboyikayo. Umnqamlezo sisixhobo esiyingozi kangangokuba icawa iye yazama ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo . KwiBhunga laseLateran ( 1139 ), yavalwa phakathi kwemikhosi yamaKristu kodwa yavunyelwa ngokuchasene nabangakholwayo ... Siyisebenzisa kuba iphucuke kakhulu.
Ukolula isaphetha , udlula unyawo lwasekunene kwi-stirrup kwaye ubeke umtya wesaphetha kwikhonkco elijinga kwibhanti. Ukulungiswa kwezintso kuzisa intambo kwinotshi ye nut. Ukuba i- bowman idubula izikwere ezibini ngomzuzu kuphela , akafane aphose itekeni yakhe. Uluhlu malunga neemitha ezingama -90. Njengesaphetha, i-crossbow sisixhobo sokuphosa .
Ukuba utshaba oluneeleli lufikelela kwinqanaba lendlela, izixhobo zethu zokukhawuleza zithathe indawo. Ayizizo iintolo okanye iibholiti ezinqamlezileyo eziza kuphumelela ekwaphuleni iileli. Imipu idla ngokuba namagophe okwenza kube lula ukubamba into okanye ukuyiwisa.
Izikrweqe zengxakeko zixhobe ngomphini omde njengomkhonto. Ezi zixhobo zikwasetyenziselwa ukukhulula abakhweli. Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziifauchards kuba zikhangeleka ngathi zezomgunyathi.
Inkitha yezixhobo yasivumela ukuba sinikele utshaba olwalufuna ukubuya singalindelanga. Ukunkqonkqoza indoda yakhe ayinayo into efanayo.
Amazembe, iinkewu kunye namakrele zigqibezela izixhobo zethu. Xa utshaba lusendaweni asimenzi ummelwane. UJeanne de Dinan , iNenekazi leNkosi leNkosi (uBertrand II Goyon, iNkosi yaseMatignon), akayi kunqikaza, ngeenqaba kunye neengqungquthela zeenqaba zesango lesango lesibini lokungena, ukuxuluba umhlaseli ongene kwisiphoso. ngezantsi.
Gcina yindawo yokugqibela yokusabela. UNdikhoyo nendlu yakhe bakhuselekile .
Ifikelelwa ngebhulorho ephakanyisiweyo . Izitepsi ezifikelela kuyo namhlanje zivela kuphela kwinkulungwane ye- 18 kodwa imikhondo ye-drawbridge isabonakala: ukuchazwa kwefaskoti kunye neendawo zokubeka ukuze kuhlaliswe iingalo zenxalenye ekhulayo.
Umnyango wenza i- mousetrap : iiharrow ezincinci zithintela ukufikelela kwizitebhisi kunye negumbi labatoli kumgangatho ophantsi; phezu kwekroba lomnqayi kuvuleke banzi kwaye imvula yamatye nezinto ezinzima ziwela lowo ubuganga bokuwela umgubasi.
Izinyuko ezijikelezayo (okanye i-spiral staircase) ziqengqeleka zinyuka zisiya ngasekunene. Abahlaseli ababambe ikrele labo kwisandla sokunene baya kuba kwimeko yobuthathaka.
Enye i-staircase eludongeni inikezela ukufikelela ukusuka kumgangatho ophantsi ukuya kumgangatho wokuqala.
Kwiholo ye seigneurial , usapho lukaSir Bertrand lukhuselwe kakhulu : ngaphantsi kwegumbi labatoli nangaphezulu kwegumbi elihle elinemigangatho apho kukho abalindi abanoxanduva lokulinda nokukhusela .
Sidinwe yimfazwe siyanikezela. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba uBertrand Du Guesclin ukwangumhlobo : sibambe ibhanile yakhe kwi- Battle of Cocherel ngokumelene noCharles the Bad kwaye sahamba naye eSpeyin kwiphulo lokuqala lokulwa noPeter the Cruel . Saphantse safa eSpeyin. Sade sabhala umyolelo wethu.
Ukumkani waseFransi uya kuhlutha inqaba eya kubuyiselwa kumnini wayo ngo- 1381 ngesivumelwano sesibini saseGuérande esiphelisa imfazwe yokulandelelana . Unyana kaBertrand II, uBertrand III , akayi kukhusela inqaba yakhe. Uya kuthatha abo baseCaërmarthen kunye neCardigan eWales apho aya kufa khona elwela u- Owen ap Griffith Fychan , iNkosi yaseGlunyfrdwy, exhaswa nguDuke wase-Orleans . Sihamba kakhulu ngeli xesha.
Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine kwaqala ukuvela umatshini wemfazwe owenza ingxolo eninzi kodwa ingabi nefuthe elikhulu, ngaphantsi kwe-crossbowmen yethu: inkanunu . Asikawuboni lo matshini utshica umlilo kodwa sivile ukuba woyikwa ngakumbi ngabo bawuphetheyo...
Lo matshini ungxolayo uya kuthenjiswa ngekamva eliqaqambileyo . Ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu , iya kuba namandla ngakumbi nangakumbi . Iinqaba akuyi kuba nasizathu sakuba: iinkanunu ziya kugqobhoza iindonga zize ziziqhekeze iingcango . Ezinye iinqaba ziya kuthatha indawo. Eli lelinye iphepha lembali eliya kuvuleka.
I- feudal castle yaseRoche Goyon iya kuguqulwa ibe yinqaba yokukhusela elunxwemeni phantsi kweLouis XIV .
Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithandathu , kuya kuthatha igama likaLaste okanye iLatte (igama leedolophana ezingabamelwane) kwaye kwishumi elinesixhenxe , liyaziwa phantsi kwegama esilaziyo namhlanje: FORT LA LATTE .